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Punjab
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a) Geography: Geographical and agroclimatic regions, rivers, water resources, sharing of waters, demographics, human development indices b) People, Society, and Culture: Major personalities in the history of Punjab, religious movements, major religions & spiritual personalities, Punjabi literature, folklore, performing arts, fine arts and crafts c) History: Sufis, saints and gurus, Lodhis and Mughals, Sikh rulers, the British period, nationalist movement in Punjab, Punjab independent India. d) Economy: Agriculture, animal husbandry, industrial & service sectors, major occupations, development & economic growth, public finance (including central state fiscal issues), public sector institutions, cooperatives, etc.
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Geography
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Population – distribution, density, growth, and comparison. Migration – types, causes, and consequences. Human development. Human settlements. Land resources and agriculture. Water resources. Mineral and energy resources. Manufacturing industries. Planning and sustainable development in India. Transport and communication. International trade. A geographical perspective on selected issues and problems
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Indian Economy
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Indian economic development (19501991) – key economic policies, public sector dominance, bank nationalization, etc. Five-year plans – key goals and main achievements. Liberalization, privatization, and globalization era since 1991 – key policies, decisions, and results. Performance of Indian economy since 1991 – Growth, fiscal & revenue deficits, trade, commerce & balance of payments, inflation, and growth of the service sector. Key challenges and responses – agriculture and food security, industrialization, poverty alleviation & employment, rural & urban infrastructure, social sector – health, education, etc
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History Of India
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The Indus Valley civilization. The Aryan and the Vedic age. Jainism and Buddhism. The Maurya Gupta period. The advent of Islam and the Sultanate period (political, social & cultural). The Bhakti Movement. The Mughals (political, social & cultural till Aurangzeb). The coming of the European Powers and the advent of British rule. The British Rule and the Indian National Movement (18571947) World History: The Renaissance and the Industrial Revolution in Europe. The French Revolution 1789. The Russian Revolution 1917. World Wars I & II.
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Indian Polity
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Basic features, provisions, and schedules of the Indian Constitution, key amendments. Panchayati Raj. Elections – People’s Representation Act, electoral reforms. Rise of regionalism and coalition politics. Armed challenges to the Indian state since independence.
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Environmental Studies
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Composition and structure of the atmosphere. Solar system – heat balance & temperature. Atmospheric circulation & weather system, water cycle. Climate change – fossil fuels, greenhouse gases, renewable energy, clean development mechanism, carbon credits. Water – oceans, rivers, glaciers, lakes, groundwater, etc. Biodiversity & conservation. Soil – types, crops, food chain, etc. Pollution and toxicity etc
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Political Theory & International Order
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The basic concepts of freedom, equality, social justice, rights & duties, citizenship, nationalism, secularism, etc. United Nations and its organs/agencies, other international organizations like the World Bank, IMF, WTO, EU, G20, BRICS, etc., and their role in World peace, trade & development.
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Science
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States of matter, the structure of the atom, versatile nature of carbon. Acids, bases, salts, corrosion in metals, and the action of soaps. Life on Earth – evolution, marine & terrestrial life. The human body and life processes, disease – its causes & prevention, infectious diseases. Public health initiatives, mother and child health, immunization & vaccination, HIVAIDS, TB, polio, etc. Force laws of motion & gravitation, Archimedes principle. Light – reflection & refraction – concepts and applications. Electric current – concepts, and applications. Computers and telecommunication – concepts, and applications.
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