Tapping India's Rooftop Solar Potential

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India's installed rooftop solar (RTS) capacity grew by 2.99 GW in 2023-2024, reaching a total of 11.87 GW as of March 31, 2024. Despite this progress, to meet rising energy demands, India needs to significantly expand its RTS efforts.

The RTS Programme

Launched in 2010, the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission aimed to produce 20 GW of solar energy, including RTS, in three phases. In 2015, the target was revised to 100 GW by 2022, including 40 GW from RTS. By 2026, India aims for 100 GW RTS to meet its overall potential of approximately 796 GW. To achieve the 2030 target of 500 GW renewable energy capacity with a 280 GW solar component, about 100 GW must come from RTS.

State-wise Performance

As of March 31, 2024, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan lead in RTS capacities. Gujarat's 3,456 MW capacity benefits from quick approvals, numerous installers, and high consumer awareness. Maharashtra follows with 2,072 MW, driven by favorable regulations and high solar potential. Rajasthan, with the highest potential of 1,154 MW, has improved approvals, financial incentives, and public-private partnerships.

Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka have also performed well, with capacities of 675, 599, and 594 MW, respectively. Conversely, states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand face bureaucratic hurdles, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of awareness, limiting their RTS exploration.

Initiatives and Solutions

The 'Pradhan Mantri Surya Ghar Mart Bijli Yojana' aims to equip one crore households with RTS, providing up to 300 units of free electricity monthly. An average system size of 2 kW for targeted households will add 20 GW RTS capacity. The scheme's ₹7,500 crore outlay includes financial assistance, model solar villages, district-level public awareness, and smart grid infrastructure.

Ensuring RTS Growth

Creating consumer awareness is crucial. RTS systems must be economically viable, with low-cost financing options readily available. Promoting R&D in solar technology, energy storage, and smart-grid infrastructure will lower costs and improve reliability. Training programmes like the 'Suryamitra' solar PV technician initiative will develop a skilled workforce.

Overcoming Challenges

For smooth implementation, integrating regulations, grid-integration standards, and building codes must be updated. Addressing these systemic challenges will help India achieve its RTS goals and ensure sustainable growth in rooftop solar capacity.