Wind and their classification
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The wind that results from the earth's rotation and the sun's warmth is defined as the horizontal flow of air.
The following geographic processes and factors determine flow and direction:
Pressure gradient force: gives the wind its initial direction and flow. The flow is perpendicular to isobars and moves from high pressure to low pressure. The force of the pressure gradient is directly proportional to wind velocity.
Coriolis force/deflection force: A deflection force is a force that changes the direction of the wind. In the northern hemisphere, they are deflected to the right (for their source), while in the southern hemisphere, to the left.
Surface-generated friction: This is a force that restricts the wind's movement. The orientation of natural landforms and surface imperfections determine the amount of friction. The lowest friction occurs above calm marine surfaces. Only a few thousand meters above the ground does the frictional force become noticeable.
Classification of winds
Permanent winds
Because they blow over wider portions of the Earth, these wind systems are often referred to as planetary or invariable wind systems. All year long, they blow in the same direction.
TRADE WIND
In both the north and south hemispheres, these move from subtropical high-pressure belts to equatorial low-pressure belts.
In the northern hemisphere, these are referred to as northeast trade winds, and in the southern hemisphere, southeast trade winds.
In the northern hemisphere, they travel NE to SW, and in the southern hemisphere, SE to NW.
WESTERLIES
From subtropical high-pressure belts to subpolar low-pressure belts in both the north and south of the hemisphere, westerlies move.
In the northern hemisphere, they migrate from SW to NE, and in the southern hemisphere, from NW to SE.
Because of obstacles caused by the northern hemisphere's predominance of land, westerlies are less effective.
Because westerlies are so loud in the southern hemisphere, they are also known by other names.
roaring 1940s between latitudes between 40° and 50°S
Angry 1950s at 50oS latitude
Declining sixties at latitudes of 60ºS
Rainfall occurs over the western coasts of continents since they are yearly on-shore phenomenon in mid-latitudes.
POLAR WIND
In both the north and south hemispheres, they go from polar high-pressure belts to subpolar low-pressure belts.
In the northern hemisphere, their direction is NE to SW, while in the southern hemisphere, SE to NW.
They bring on blizzards because they are more powerful and intense in the winter.
Secondary or seasonal winds
These winds alternate directions on a seasonal or sporadic basis.
MONSOON WIND
A monsoon wind is a seasonal wind that blows mostly in Asia, changing its direction from summer to winter and frequently bringing with it a lot of rain.
The planetary wind system and local conditions, both at the surface and in the high troposphere, interact to produce the Asiatic monsoon.
BREEZE ACROSS LAND AND SEA
The frequency of both land and sea breezes varies with the time of day and night; they are coastal breezes.
Heat is absorbed and transferred differently by land and sea. The land heats up more quickly during the day and surpasses the water in temperature.
While the sea is generally cool and the pressure is higher offshore, the air rises over the land, creating a low-pressure area. As a result, a pressure gradient is formed between the sea and the land, and the wind moves in a direction known as the sea breeze.
The condition is reversed throughout the night. Compared to the water, the ground loses heat more quickly. There is a pressure gradient from the land to the sea, which causes a land breeze.
MOUNTAIN AND VALLEY BREEZE
In the mountains, during the day, the slopes heat up, forcing air to ascend and filling the void created by the valley's airflow. The valley breeze is the name given to this wind.
The mountain wind carries the dense air down into the valley as the slopes chill during the night. The term "katabatic wind" refers to the chilly air that descends from the mountains into the valley.
On the leeward side of the mountain ranges, there is another warm wind. As it passes through the mountain ranges, the moisture condenses and precipitates. The adiabatic process warms the dry air as it descends the leeward side of the slope. The snow may melt quickly due to the dry air.
Local or tertiary wind
These are the kinds of winds that are blowing in that specific area. Local winds are created by variations in pressure and temperature. This kind of wind is limited to the lowest troposphere levels and has a localized effect.
