Bahamani Empire [1347-1527]

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In the 14th century, along with Vijayanagar kingdom, another powerful kingdom arose in South India, which was the Bahmani Sultanate.
The Bahmani Sultanate was a Persianised Muslim state of the Deccan in South India and one of the major medieval Indian kingdoms.
Though the region was ruled by a Muslim it was not an exclusive 'Muslim State'. Hindus were also part of it as well.
In the early 14th century, the Deccan and South India were partitioned into four kingdoms:

In order to establish a stable administration in Deccan, Mohammad bin Tughlaq appointed Amiran-i-sada, also known as Sada Amir (administrative heads of hundred villages).
The conflict between the officers in Deccan and Delhi Sultanate, accelerated which ultimately resulted in the establishment of an independent state in the Deccan in 1347 CE

Region: The Kingdom stretched from north to south from the Wainganga river to Krishna and east to west from Bhongir to Daulatabad.

Capital at Gulbarga in Andhra Pradesh.

Founder: Hasan Gangu, assumed the title Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah.

Bahmani Empire reached its zenith during the time of Mahmud Gawan who was a minister of the Empire.

Last ruler: Kalimullah was the last king of the Bahmani dynasty.

Alauddin hasan Bahman Shah(1347-58)

Also known as Hasan Gangu, founded Bahamani kingdom

He started the Bahmani expansion towards Berar
He was well acquainted with the religious sciences (commentaries on the Quran, jurisprudence) and natural sciences too (such as botany, geometry, logic, etc.).
He encouraged the pursuit of astronomy and built an observatory near Daultabad.
Inducted a large number of Hindus in his administration.

He was a Persian merchant.
He was granted the title of Malik-ul-Tujjar, i.e., ‗Chief of the Merchants‘ by Humayun Shah.
He divided the kingdom into eight tarafs or provinces, each governed by a tarafdar
Curtailed power of Tarafdars in order to strengthen the central government.
The salary was paid in cash or by assigning a Jagir.
A tract of land called Khalisa was set apart for expenses of Sultan.
Introduced use of Gunpowder in war against Vijayanagar Kings.
He was a great patron of arts and made endowments to build a college at Bidar which was built in Persian style of architecture.
Executed in 1481 by Muhammad Shah, Deccan nobles plotted against him.
After Gawan‘s execution, Bahmani kingdom began to disintegrate and the provincial governors declared their independence.