BRICS

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•BRICS is an economic group comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, representing emerging economies that collectively account for approximately 40% of the world's population and significant global economic influence.

•The group focuses on enhancing economic cooperation, promoting trade and investment, coordinating on global governance issues, and developing alternative international financial mechanisms like the New Development Bank.

•BRICS has recently expanded its membership, inviting six new countries in 2024 (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Ethiopia, Egypt, UAE, and Argentina), aiming to increase its geopolitical influence and challenge traditional Western-dominated international economic structures.

Machine learning

• Machine learning enables computer systems to automatically learn and improve from experience without explicit programming, using statistical techniques to identify patterns in data and make predictive decisions.

•Machine learning encompasses supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning approaches, applied across domains like healthcare (disease prediction), finance (fraud detection), technology (recommendation systems), and autonomous vehicles.

• Machine learning integrates data preprocessing, feature engineering, model training, validation, and deployment, utilizing advanced algorithms like neural networks, decision trees, and support vector machines to transform raw data into intelligent insights.

Digital libraries

• Digital libraries are online repositories containing digitized books, articles, images, audio, and video materials accessible through internet-connected devices, offering global access to information without physical space constraints.

•These libraries preserve rare and fragile documents by converting them to digital formats, enable simultaneous multi-user access, and provide advanced search capabilities that allow users to quickly find specific information across vast collections.

•Digital libraries rely on complex technological infrastructures including robust database management systems, metadata standards, digital archiving technologies, and advanced search algorithms to organize, store, and retrieve digital content efficiently and securely.