•Coral threats

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•Coral reefs support about 25% of all marine species and provide habitat and food for a vast number of fish, invertebrates, and other marine organisms.

•Survival Threats: There is a serious threat from the issue of climate change, which results in ocean warming and acidification leading to coral bleaching and higher mortality rates.

•Economic Significance: Coral reefs are the key source of billions of dollars to the global economy through tourism, fisheries and coastal protection, therefore their conservation becomes vital for the survival and ecosystems.

IMF and its role

•Financial support: The IMF offers loans to countries experiencing balance of payment problems as well as economic adjustment programs meant to stabilize the economy and return growth to normal.

•Surveillance function : The organization monitors the economic and financial developments of its member countries and follows their economic policies, making suggestions and recommendations to ensure such policies are taken while avoiding crises.

•Global Governance: As an important power in international finance, the IMF collaborates with other institutions (in particular, the World Bank) to significantly determine global economic policy and to react to financial crisis conditions.

Bacillus thuringiensis Rice

 •BT rice contains a gene derived from the bacterium *Bacillus thuringiensis* that produces a toxic protein killing specific insect pests such as the rice stem borer. This limits the extent of crop damage and reliance on chemicals pesticides.

Therefore, decreasing pest infestation will allow farmers to increase their yields hence ensuring food security especially in regions where the problem of pest infestation is at a high level.

•BT rice reduces the application of chemical pesticides. However, it has been argued that BT rice has a long-term impact on the environment because it creates resistance among pests and may affect non-target organisms as well. The safety of genetically modified organisms in food has also been a cause of concern.