Inequality in India

Published On:

The article discusses India's journey from a republic founded on egalitarian ideals to a society increasingly dominated by economic inequality.

India's Constitution aimed to create an egalitarian society, emphasizing liberty, equality, and justice for all. The framers believed the state should actively intervene to reduce inequalities in opportunities and outcomes, ensuring equal participation in development. Key judgments have reinforced these ideals, promoting welfare and social justice.

However, post-liberalization, economic reforms have widened inequalities. The top 1% now controls 22% of total income, with unequal wealth concentration rising sharply. Reports highlight the persistent economic gap, with Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes lacking adequate representation in high-income groups. Meanwhile, elite castes dominate wealth and billionaire categories.

Neoliberal policies have weakened the state's role in redistributing wealth and regulating economic inequalities, contrary to constitutional objectives. Tax policies disproportionately benefit the wealthy, leaving marginalized groups at a disadvantage. Economic reforms have prioritized capital accumulation over welfare, undermining egalitarian principles.

The growing economic disparity threatens the foundational vision of justice and equality, with urgent reforms needed to address the concentration of wealth and ensure fair distribution.