Geoengineering

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 •Geoengineering is intentional human attempts to control Earth's climate by affecting the planet's natural functioning. Its aims are therefore to change or manipulate climates, with one of its main purposes being reducing global warming or modifying climate patterns and weather conditions.

•Methods:Some common techniques of geoengineering are Solar Radiation Management, wherein sunlight would be deflected away from Earth; this is called solar radiation. The two main ways that this deflection can occur is through sulfur dioxide in space or marine clouds.

• Ethical and Environmental Issues : Geographical design relies upon an unintended result for the ecosystems, and not on lowering governance issues or emissions, yet reliance on climate change technology in artists-An important issue of ethics as well as environmental risk.

 Indian Ocean Blend

 •Definition and Mechanism: Mixing in the Indian Ocean The process involves oceanic mechanisms under the influences of monsoon winds and currents, which considerably mix layers and contribute to impacts on temperature in the oceans and, of course, nutrients as well.

 •Impact on Climate: Mixing in the Indian Ocean is of considerable importance to climate at the regional scale because this affects rainfall and other atmospheric conditions influencing the regions of the Indian subcontinent and bordering lands mainly during monsoon time.

 • Biodiversity and Fisheries: Mixing-induced mixing improves the productivity of marine ecosystems, supports rich biodiversity, and impacts fisheries by altering the migration patterns and availability of fish, which is one of the most important livelihood activities of coastal communities.

 Perpetual State of Emergency

•Definition: a perpetual state of emergency or permanent state of emergency declared by a government for reasons of suspending normal legal procedures and civil liberties with the argument of national security or public safety.

• Impact to democratic institutions : Authoritarian rule is the main effect for the weakening in democratic institutions because it ensures that any government can control power indefinitely without being under scrutiny for its actions on citizens or the state without any legal accountability. And the means of cracking under the facade of protecting it.

• Historical Background :History does depict that there are some nations that have experienced chronic states of emergency, especially in times of war and crises, which have raised apprehensions regarding the abuse of power, human rights violation, and whether it is possible to revert to normal governance after such measures are brought into existence.