Fundamental Rights 13

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1. Successor in Case of Vacant Offices: If the offices of the President, Vice President, and Chief Justice of India fall vacant simultaneously, the next senior-most judge of the Supreme Court succeeds to the office of the President.
2. Filling Vacant Presidential Office: When the office of the President falls vacant, it must be filled within six months.
3. Declaration of War or Peace: The President is legally competent to declare war or conclude peace.
4. Reconsideration of Bill: After a bill has been passed by Parliament and sent to the President, he can send it back for reconsideration.
5. Ordinance Making Power: The President can make laws through ordinances during the recess of Parliament.
6. Promulgation of Ordinance: The President promulgates ordinances.
7. Financial Powers: The President enjoys financial powers, including the origin of certain money bills in Parliament only on his recommendation, the recommendation of the Governor, and the appointment of a Finance Commission to recommend the distribution of taxes between the Union and State Governments.
8. Non-Appointed Officials: The President does not appoint District and Sessions Judges.
9. Veto Power Usage: The President of India used his veto power only once on the Indian Post Office (Amendment) Bill.
10. Ordinance Validity: An ordinance promulgated by the President remains in force for six weeks after the commencement of the next session of Parliament.
11. Ordinance Promulgation Condition: The President can promulgate an ordinance only when Parliament is not in session.
12. Proclamation of President's Rule: The President can proclaim President's Rule in a state if, upon receiving a report from the Governor or otherwise, he is satisfied that the government of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution's provisions.
13. Dismissal of Ministers: The President can dismiss a member of the Council of Ministers on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.
14. Presidential Address Preparation: The Prime Minister and his Cabinet prepare the Presidential address.
15. Presidential Appointments: The President appoints State Governors, Chief Justice and Judges of High Courts, and Chief Justice and Judges of the Supreme Court.
16. Election Basis: The President of India is elected based on proportional representation by a single transferable vote.
17. Removal of Vice President: The Vice President of India can be removed from office before the expiry of his term by both Houses of Parliament.
18. Vice President's Duties: The Vice President discharges the duties of the President in the event of his death, resignation, or absence due to illness.
19. Ex-Officio Chairman: The Vice President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
20. Election Disputes: The Supreme Court decides disputes regarding the election of the Vice President.
21. Vice President's Acting Period: The Vice President discharges the duties of the President during his illness indefinitely.
22. Salary and Allowances: When the Vice President discharges the duties of the President, he is entitled to the salary and allowances attached to the President's office.
23. Right to Preside: The Vice President has the right to preside over the Rajya Sabha.
24. Immunity from Criminal Proceedings: No criminal proceedings shall be instituted against the Vice President during his term of office.
25. Diplomats Turned Vice Presidents: Radhakrishnan and G. S. Pathak became Vice Presidents after holding diplomatic positions.
26. Order of Vice Presidents: Identify the correct order in which the following acted as Vice President of India.
27. Vice President Resigning for Presidency: V. V. Giri resigned from his office as Vice President to contest for the office of the President.
28. Two-Term Vice President: Radhakrishnan held the office of the Vice President of India for two full terms.
29. President Without Vice Presidency: Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy became President of India without serving as Vice President.
30. First Acting Chief Justice President: M. Hidayatullah was the first Chief Justice to be appointed as acting President of India.
31. Article Providing for Prime Minister: Article 74 provides that there shall be a Prime Minister of India.
32. Head of Government: The Prime Minister is the head of government.
33. Constitutional Creation: The office of the Prime Minister has been created by the Constitution.
34. Prime Minister's Appointment: The Prime Minister is appointed by the President.
35. Real Executive: The Prime Minister is the real executive under the Indian Constitution.
36. Chief Spokesperson: The Prime Minister is considered the chief spokesperson of the Union Government.
37. Chairman of Planning Commission: The Prime Minister is the chairman of the Planning Commission and the National Development Council.
38. Dissolution of Lok Sabha: The Prime Minister recommends the dissolution of Lok Sabha.
39. Presiding Over Meetings: The Prime Minister presides over the meetings of the Council of Ministers.
40. Communication Channel: The Prime Minister acts as the channel of communication between the President and the Council of Ministers.
41. Keystone of Constitution: The Prime Minister is the keystone of the Indian Constitution.
42. Primus Inter Pares: Lord Morley described the Prime Minister of India as 'Primus Inter Pares' (first among equals).
43. Council of Ministers Appointment: The members of the Council of Ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
44. Maximum Period Without MP Status: A person can be a member of the Council of Ministers without being an MP for a maximum period of six months.
45. Longest Serving Prime Minister: Indira Gandhi enjoys the distinction of having been the Prime Minister of India for the longest duration.
46. Prime Minister Without Cabinet Experience: H. D. Deve Gowda became the Prime Minister of India without becoming a Union Cabinet Minister.
47. State Contributing Most Prime Ministers: Uttar Pradesh has contributed the maximum number of Prime Ministers.