Fundamental Rights 12

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1. Power to Pardon in Capital Punishment: The President has the power to pardon in cases of capital punishment.
2. Article Empowering Pardon: Article 72 empowers the President to grant a pardon.
3. Advisory for Pardoning Power: The President exercises pardoning power based on the advice of the Home Minister.
4. Transfer of High Court Judges: The President is authorized to transfer judges from one High Court to another.
5. Fixed Term Constitutional Post: The President holds the constitutional post for a fixed term.
6. Executive Powers: The executive powers of the Union Government are vested in the President by the Constitution of India.
7. Appointment of Prime Minister: Article 74 empowers the President to appoint the Prime Minister of India.
8. Joint Session of Parliament: Joint sessions were held for the Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance, 2002, the Dowry Prohibition Bill, 1961, and the Banking Service Commission Bill, 1978.
9. Joint Sittings for Deadlock Resolution: Joint sittings of the two Houses of Parliament are held to resolve deadlocks on non-money bills.
10. Adjournment of Lok Sabha: The Speaker can adjourn the House of the People (Lok Sabha) sine die.
11. Head of State: The President of India is the Head of State.
12. Election through Electoral College: The President of India is elected through an electoral college.
13. Term of Office: The President holds office for a term of five years from the date of entering office.
14. Practice Adopted from: The practice of the President addressing Parliament has been adopted from the Constitution of another country.
15. Non-Participating Members in Presidential Election: Members of Legislative Councils do not take part in the election of the President.
16. Nomination of Presidential Candidates: A candidate's name for the Office of the President must be proposed by any 50 members of the electoral college.
17. First President: Rajendra Prasad was the first President of the Indian Republic.
18. Bharat Ratna Awardee Before Presidency: Radhakrishnan received the Bharat Ratna before becoming President of India.
19. First Muslim President: Zakir Hussain was the first Muslim President of India.
20. Unopposed Presidential Election: Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy was elected President of India unopposed.
21. Political Leader Holding Multiple Offices: Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy successfully held the offices of Chief Minister, Speaker of Lok Sabha, and President of India.
22. Chief Justice Acting as President: Justice M. Hidayatullah acted as President of India while serving as Chief Justice of India.
23. Election Conducted by: The election for the Office of the President is conducted by the Election Commission.
24. Oath of Office: Before taking office, the President must take an oath or affirmation administered by the Chief Justice of India.
25. Amending Election Procedure: The procedure for electing the President can be modified through a constitutional amendment passed by a two-thirds majority in both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha and ratified by the legislatures of at least half the states.
26. Special Majority Requirement: To amend the Constitution regarding the President's election procedure, the bill must be passed by a special majority and ratified by more than half of the states.
27. Nomination to Lok Sabha: The President can nominate two members of the Lok Sabha to represent Anglo-Indians.
28. Nominal Powers: Under India's parliamentary system, the President, as Head of State, enjoys only nominal powers.
29. Proclamation of Emergency: The final authority to make a Proclamation of Emergency rests with the President.
30. Granting Pardons: The President can grant pardons in cases of court martial, death sentences, and offences against laws in the union and concurrent lists.
31. No Control Over Judiciary: The President of India does not have the power to control the judiciary.
32. Financial Powers: The President enjoys financial powers, including the introduction of money bills in Parliament, appointing a Finance Commission to recommend tax distribution between the Union and State Governments, and advancing money from the Contingency Fund of India.
33. Ordinance-Making Power: The President can make laws through ordinances during Parliament's recess.
34. Dispute Resolution: Disputes regarding the election of the President and Vice President are filed and settled in the Supreme Court.
35. Resignation Before Term Expiry: If the President wishes to resign before the term expires, the resignation must be addressed to the Vice President.
36. Electoral College Members: The President of India is elected by elected MLAs and MPs.
37. Age Requirement: To be eligible for the Presidency, a candidate must be over 35 years of age.
38. Discretion in Prime Minister Appointment: The President uses discretion in appointing the Prime Minister when no political party has a majority in the Lok Sabha.
39. Prohibition of Retrospective Laws: The Constitution prohibits the enactment of retrospective laws relating to the election of the President.
40. No Age Limit: There is no maximum age limit for election to the Office of the President.
41. Impeachment Grounds: The President can be impeached for violating the Constitution by both Houses of Parliament.
42. Initiation of Impeachment: Impeachment proceedings against the President can be initiated in either House of Parliament.