Fundamental Rights 11

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• Who has the authority to grant pardons in capital punishment cases?
  The President.
• Which Article grants the President the power to pardon?
  Article 72.
• On whose advice does the President exercise the pardoning power?
  The Home Minister.
• Who has the authority to transfer judges between High Courts?
  The President.
• Which Constitutional office is held for a fixed term?
  The President.
• In whom are the executive powers of the Union Government vested?
  The President.
• Which Article grants the President the authority to appoint the Prime Minister of India?
  Article 74.
• The Joint Session of Parliament was held for which ordinances and bills?
  Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance, 2002, Dowry Prohibition Bill, 1961, and Banking Service Commission Bill, 1978.
• What is the purpose of Joint Sittings of the two Houses of Parliament?
  To resolve deadlocks on non-money bills.
• Who has the authority to adjourn the Lok Sabha sine die?
  The Speaker.
• Who is the Head of State in India?
  The President.
• How is the President of India elected?
  Through an Electoral College.
• For how long does the President of India hold office?
  For a term of five years from the date of assuming office.
• From which Constitution is the practice of the President addressing Parliament adopted?
• Who does not participate in the election of the President?
  Members of the Legislative Councils.
• Who must propose a candidate for the President of India?
  Any 50 members of the Electoral College.
• Who was the first President of the Indian Republic?
  Rajendra Prasad.
• Who received the Bharat Ratna Award before becoming the President of India?
  Radhakrishnan.
• Who was the first Muslim President of India?
  Zakir Hussain.
• Who was elected President of India unopposed?
  Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy.
• Which political leader held the offices of Chief Minister, Speaker of Lok Sabha, and President of India?
  Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy.
• Which Chief Justice of India also acted as President of India?
  Justice M. Hidayatullah.
• Who conducts the election for the President of India?
  The Election Commission.
• Before assuming office, who administers the oath to the President?
  The Chief Justice of India.
• How can the procedure for the election of the President be modified?
  Through a Constitutional Amendment passed by a two-thirds majority in both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, and ratified by at least half of the state legislatures.
• How is the Bill to amend the procedure for electing the President passed?
  By a special majority and ratified by more than half of the states.
• Who can the President nominate to the Lok Sabha?
  Two Anglo-Indians.
• Under the Parliamentary system in India, what powers does the President enjoy?
  Only nominal powers.
• Who has the final authority to make a Proclamation of Emergency?
  The President.
• In what cases can the President grant a pardon?
  (i) All cases of court-martial punishments, (ii) All death sentence cases, and (iii) All offenses against laws in the union and concurrent lists.