Lateral entry in upsc

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Context

UPSC seeks candidates for 45 lateral entry posts in Ministries

• About lateral Entry:-UPSC recruits Joint Secretary level officers directly. Selection for these posts is done through interview only. Applications are invited for this by the commission. This recruitment process of UPSC is known as Lateral Entry Scheme.
• Need of lateral entry:-
• Experienced Persons:-They all recruited person are experienced in their field they did work in many multinational companies which help our bureaucracy like steel frame of our country as sardar patel said.
• Innovation: -They all are innovative people in their field and they will be able to connect our policies with new technologies, it helps to make new India.
• Selection process; -in civil services selection process is so long periods prelims mains and interview stages, from this process, easily we recommend ambitious people for our country.

Arguments against Lateral Entry :-

• Differences in work culture may often come in the way.
• The width and depth of field experience which the civil services provide is not available with outside talent.
• Interests and motivation vary from person to person. Therefore, short term entry of officers through lateral entry might lead to corrupt practices.
• The private sector who ran Air India, Indian Airlines and Vayudoot proved to be failures.
• Lack of transparency, honesty and political interference in the selection process. Nobody knows why a particular individual was selected and why others more qualified were left out.
• It is difficult to assess the performance of a secretary to the government due to complex nature of the job.

So it would be difficult to measure the performance of lateral entrants. If the selection is politically motivated, it may degrade the system.

Way Forward :-

• Lateral entry shouldn’t lead to politicisation of bureaucracy.
• Government must also allow deputation of its officers to private sector as well so that they get exposure to market practices and fresh ideas.
• A good managerial system encourages and nurtures talent from within instead of seeking to induct leadership from outside.
• The remedy lies not through lateral induction but through more rigorous performance appraisal and improved personnel management.
• The government can consider lateral entry to head certain mission-mode projects and public-sector entities where private-sector expertise actually matters.

The process of selection needs to be •transparent. A credible statutory agency like UPSC should be entrusted with the responsibility of recruitment.

 UN reform

• The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945.

It is currently made up of 193 Member States. Its mission and work guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter and implemented by its various organs and specialised agencies.

• Its activities include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development and upholding international law.

Administrative and financial challenges: -

• Development Reform: Sustainable Development Goals (Agenda 2030) will require bold changes to the UN Development System (UNDS) for the emergence of a new generation of country teams, centred on a strategic UN Development Assistance Framework and led by an impartial, independent and empowered resident coordinator.
• Management Reform: To confront global challenges and to remain relevant in a fast-changing world, United Nations must empower managers and staff, simplifies processes, increases accountability and transparency and improves on the delivery of our mandates.
• There are concerns for improving efficiency, avoidance of duplication, and the minimization of waste in the functioning of the entire UN system.
• Financial Resources: Contributions of the Member States should have, as their fundamental underpinning, the capacity to pay principle. The Member States should pay their contributions unconditionally, in full and on time, as delays in payments have caused an unprecedented financial crisis in the UN system. Financial reforms hold the key to the future of the world body. Without sufficient resources, the UN's activities and role would suffer. Peace and Security issues Threats to
• Peace and security: The range of potential threats to peace and security that UN has to face, are followingpoverty, disease, and environmental breakdown (the threats to human security identified in the Millennium Development Goals), conflict between states, violence and massive human rights violations within states, terrorism threats from organized crime, and the proliferation of weapons - particularly WMD, but also conventional.
• Terrorism: Nations that support groups that are widely linked to terrorism, such as Pakistan, are not held accountable specifically for these actions. To this date, the UN still does not have a clear definition of terrorism, and they have no plans to pursue one.
• Nuclear Proliferation: In 1970, the nuclear non-proliferation treaty was signed by 190 nations. Despite this treaty, nuclear stockpiles remain high, and numerous nations continue to develop these devastating weapons. The failure of the nonproliferation treaty details the ineffectiveness of the United Nations and their inability to enforce crucial rules and regulations on offending nations.
• General Assembly membership has expanded considerably. In 1965, the membership of the Security Council was expanded from 11 to 15. There was no change in the number of permanent members. Since then, the size of the Council has remained frozen. This has undermined the representative character of the Council. An expanded Council, which is more representative, will also enjoy greater political authority and legitimacy.
• India has been calling for the reform of the UN Security Council along with Brazil, Germany and Japan (G-4). The four countries support each others' bids for the permanent seats in the top UN body. Any expansion of permanent members' category must be based on an agreed criteria, rather than be a pre-determined selection.
• UNSC Veto power: It is often observed that UN's effectiveness and responsiveness to international security threats depends on judiciously use of the UNSC veto.

Veto Power: The five permanent members enjoy the luxury of veto power; when a permanent member vetoes a vote, the Council resolution cannot be adopted, regardless of international support. Even if the other fourteen nations vote yes, a single veto will beat this overwhelming show of support.

• There are proposals on future of Veto power: limiting the use of the veto to vital national security issues; requiring agreement from multiple states before exercising the veto; abolishing the veto entirely; Any reform of the veto will be very difficult: Articles 108 and 109 of the United Nations Charter grant the P5 (5 permanent members) veto over any amendments to the Charter, requiring them to approve of any modifications to the UNSC veto power that they themselves hold.
• Non-Conventional Challenges Since its creation, UN is working with goal of safeguarding peace, protecting human rights, establishing the framework for international justice and promoting economic and social progress.
• New challenges, such as climate change, refugees and population ageing are new fields it has to work. Climate Change: From shifting weather patterns that threaten food production, to rising sea levels that increase the risk of catastrophic flooding, the impacts of climate change are global in scope and unprecedented in scale.
• reaching unsustainable levels. Population Ageing: It is poised to become one of the most significant social transformations of the twenty-first century, with implications for nearly all sectors of society, including labour and financial markets, the demand for goods and services,

such as housing, transportation and social protection, as well as family structures and intergenerational ties.

• Refugees: The world is witnessing the highest levels of displacement on record. An unprecedented 65.6 million people around the world have been forced from home by conflict and persecution at the end of 2016. Among them are nearly 22.5 million refugees, over half of whom are under the age of 18. There are also 10 million stateless people, who have been denied a nationality and access to basic rights such as education, healthcare, employment and freedom of movement.

• Conclusion:- Despite having many short-comings, UN has played a crucial role making this human society more civil, more peaceful & secure in comparison to time of its origin at 2 World War. United Nations, being the world’s largest democratic body of all nations, its responsibility towards humanity is very high in terms of building democratic society, economic development of people living in acute poverty, & preserving the Earth’s Ecosystem in concern with Climate Change.