Indian scientists achieve unprecedented breakthrough in gene-editing

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Increased precision and efficiency

Scientists at CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB) in New Delhi have created a more precise and efficient genome-editing system than existing CRISPR-based technologies.

This new system uses an improved version of FnCas9, an enzyme derived from Francisella novicida bacteria, engineered to increase binding affinity and reduce off-target effects.

Wide applications and testing

The improved FnCas9 demonstrated higher DNA cutting rates and better targeting in laboratory tests, including in human kidney and eye cells.

It successfully corrected the genetic mutation that causes Leber congenital amaurosis type 2, an inherited form of blindness, showing significant therapeutic potential.

Future development and access

Researchers are optimizing delivery methods and obtaining patents in India to develop affordable gene therapies. This advancement makes India a leader in precision gene editing, making advanced treatments more accessible, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Are states allowed to tax mining activities?

Landmark judgment

On July 25, the Supreme Court affirmed that states have the authority to tax minerals in addition to the royalty that the Centre has to pay.

The landmark judgment, delivered by an 8:1 majority led by Chief Justice DY Chandrachud, upholds federalism by making it clear that the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957, does not restrict the state’s powers to tax mineral activities.

Royalty vs tax

The judgment defines royalty not as a tax but as a contractual payment for mineral extraction.

The court highlighted that while states can tax mineral rights under the State List, it does not conflict with the Centre’s regulatory authority under the Union List.

The dissenting opinion warned that additional state taxes could disrupt mineral markets and impede resource development.

Future implications

The court will decide on July 31 whether to apply the ruling retroactively, which could affect the financial benefits of states with existing local mineral taxes.

Defence Acquisition Council approves amendment to MQ-9B UAV deal with US Navy

MQ-9B UAV deal approved

The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, has approved amendments to the deal for procurement of 31 MQ - 9B High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) from General Atomics, US.

The amendments, which focus on indigenous content and related aspects, are in line with the Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) granted earlier.

Procurement process and timeline

The US has completed its work by submitting a letter of offer and acceptance to India in March. India will now have to complete its internal processes and get the approval of the Cabinet Committee on Security before finalizing the deal.

The MQ - 9B and GE - 414 jet engine deal is expected to be concluded during the US President's visit to India for the Quad Leaders Summit in December.

Additional Approvals

The DAC also approved Advanced Land Navigation System (ALNS) for armored fighting vehicles and AoN for 22 interceptor boats for the Coast Guard.

The ALNS procured from Bharat Electronics Limited will enhance navigation accuracy while the new interceptor boats will strengthen coastal surveillance and patrol capabilities.